They’re the first thing you’ll probably notice, they come in different colors, shapes and sizes. Those big throbbing concaves blaring incredibly low bass lines or cool little tweeters whistling out seething treble sounds.    

Car stereo speakers are interesting and very tempting to buy, especially the big loud ones. But big is not always the best. Each speaker has its own unique quality, intended use and price range. Some may also be better than others at certain things so it pays to investigate your type of car stereo amplifier or head unit before you finally decide on a car stereo speaker for your system. Here are some features to consider: 

Car stereo speakers are not all the same size and wattage, and this can cause a problem once you try to hook it up in your car. Know the specs of your system. Sort this out ahead of time, it will save you a lot of hassle. You will be happier with your new acquisition if you can get to see it in action as soon as possible.  

There are also a lot of car stereo amplifiers on the market, it pays to be aware of how the car stereo speaker you are considering compares to the others, and how compatible it is to your amplifier or the amplifier you’re planning to buy. Car stereo speakers and amplifiers go hand in hand. You’ll want the car stereo speakers you buy to be suitable for your automotive entertainment needs and not strain the system. 

Style can be an important factor when choosing your special car stereo speakers. You’ll want the one you choose to fit in perfectly with your other all sorts of stereo speakers. If you’re planning to install something different, you have to take into consideration the modifications your going to have to make in order to accommodate your new car stereo speakers. 

One of the biggest issues in buying a new type of car stereo speaker is suitability. How suitable your car stereo speakers are is probably the biggest issue. Don’t forget the reason you’re buying the type of car stereo amplifier in the first place, and ensure that the all sorts of stereo speakers you are looking at will do the job you need no matter what other fancy features they may offer. 

Brand is an important consideration when you are shopping for a car stereo speaker. The fact is, one brand of type of car stereo amplifier may have a much better reputation than another, and for good reason. You be the judge. Do your research. Ask car audio enthusiasts. Read magazines and reviews. Do you want to take a chance on just any car stereo speakers, or go for the proven name brand? 

Lastly, price is important even if you think it’s not. After all, would you want to pay more for your car stereo speakers only to find it cheaper the next day at a different store? Nobody likes that. When shopping for better car stereo speakers, it pays to check at least a couple of different stores, just to make sure you’re getting your car stereo speakers at the best price.

Famous Dead Birthdays is just what it sounds like. Dead Birthdays are birthdays of famous people who have a birthday, but have already passed. For example, Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 and he died on April 17, 1790. This means Benjamin Franklin’s Birthday is on January 17th. If Benjamin Franklin was still alive in 2011, he would be 304 Yrs. Old. Famous Dead Birthdays is a type of trivia. How old would a dead famous person be (on their birthday) if they were still alive?

Happy Dead Birthdays

1810-1850 – Margaret Fuller was an American journalist, critic, and women’s rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movement. She was the first full-time American female book reviewer in journalism. Her book Woman in the Nineteenth Century is considered the first major feminist work in the United States

1820-1887 – James Buchanan Eads was a world renowned American engineer and inventor

1820-1891 – Lorenzo Sawyer served as the first judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from June 1891 until his death

1875-1966 – Alfred P. Sloan, American automotive executive who was a long time President and Chairman of General Motors

1883-1939 – Douglas Fairbanks was an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films such as The Thief of Bagdad, Robin Hood, and The Mark of Zorro

1888-1972 – Zack Wheat, American baseball player, Hall of Fame left-fielder for the Brooklyn Dodgers

1893-1977 – Ulysses S. Grant IV, American geologist and paleontologist was the son of Ulysses S. Grant, Jr. and the grandson of General of the Army and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant

1896-1966 – Felix Martin Julius Steiner, German Waffen-SS officer

1898-1989 – Scott O’Dell, American author

1910-1952 – Margaret Wise Brown, American author who was a prolific American author of children’s literature, including the books Goodnight Moon and The Runaway Bunny, both illustrated by Clement Hurd.

1910-2004 – Artie Shaw, American clarinetist and bandleader

1919-2011 – Betty Garrett, American actress and dancer known for the roles she played in two prominent 1970s sitcoms: Archie Bunker’s liberal neighbor Irene Lorenzo in All in the Family and landlady Edna Babish in Laverne & Shirley.

1919-1988 – Robert Bernstein, American comic book writer for DC Comics Superman

1928-2002 – Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress, George Clooney was her nephew

Famous Dead Birthdays is just what it sounds like. Dead Birthdays are birthdays of famous people who have a birthday, but have already passed. For example, Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 and he died on April 17, 1790. This means Benjamin Franklin’s Birthday is on January 17th. If Benjamin Franklin was still alive in 2011, he would be 304 Yrs. Old. Famous Dead Birthdays is a type of trivia. How old would a dead famous person be (on their birthday) if they were still alive?

Life has come and gone

Rest in Peace, we remember

Your life and your work

Sources

Famousroots.com

Deadoraliveinfo.com

Wiki 

Related Automotive Reviews Articles

Watch television programming online through sites like Hulu

Play a console game (i.e. PS3, Xbox 360)

See advertisements on television

See an online status update or social networking post about it

Speak with someone who is an expert on automobiles

Comparison shop online

Notice banner advertising while browsing online

Read comments following an article/op-ed piece online

Visit a blog that discusses automobiles

Speak with a family member other than your spouse

Search online for reviews or endorsements

Notice in-game advertising

Speak with a friend or co-worker

Visit a forum/message board

Speak with your spouse or significant other

See an ad on a billboard

See a ranking/rating from an independent source (e.g. Consumer Reports, J.D. Power, etc.)

Read a brochure from an automotive manufacturer

Attend a show or event where automobiles are featured

See an ad in a newspaper

Discuss with friends on a social networking website like Facebook  

Respond to an ad with my mobile phone

See an ad or message on a poster or outdoor video screen

Search the web for information with your mobile phone

See an ad in a weekly insert

Hear it discussed on the radio

Read a consumer review online

Receiv a referral notice from a friend from an online site like Facebook

Look for information from an automobile manufacturer website

Read information in an email received from an automobile manufacturer or dealer

Watch a video review of a product online

Participate in a chat or discussion online about automobiles

There are definitely many great methods of searching for vehicle information. My advice is to listen to real people like yourself and people who are close to you. These people usually will provide you with the most honest feedback because they are not interested in making a sale. It is better to bring a trustworthy partner along with you when you visit the dealership. Take your time to make the final purchase decision. Your vehicle is like your second home and you should feel comfortable in it.

P.S. Have you ever heard of the Assurance Trade-In Value Guarantee program? This program eliminates concerns about depreciation by giving new buyers a guaranteed value for their vehicle in months 24 through 48 of ownership.

Related Automotive Reviews Articles

How to Make A Low-Cost But Attractive BookshelvesC){w.yPosition=C;r(“updated entry: “+b(w),1)}}else{w={url:B,isBackground:y,yPosition:C,isInlined:x.isInlined};D[B]=w;r(“new entry: “+b(w),1)}}function v(z){if(z.tagName){if(z.src){if(z.tagName==”IFRAME”){t(o.list_iframes,z,z.src,false)}else{if(z.tagName==”IMG”||z.tagName==”INPUT”||z.tagName==”TABLE”){t(o.list_images,z,z.src,false)}}}var y=u(z);if(y){t(o.list_images,z,y,true)}var A;if(n){A=z.children}else{A=z.childNodes}for(var x=0;x






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How to Make A Low-Cost But Attractive Bookshelves

Bookshelves are the most important furniture items in a house. It accommodates not only books, but also different kinds of things that need space to put on. Below are the steps in making a low-cost but attractive and beautiful piece of bookshelves.

Instructions




1

Dimension of the bookshelves to make

First of all, you determine the number of books that you want to store on your bookshelves cabinet. Usually, the depth of the bookshelves ranges from 10” to 12”. The safest dimension of the depth is 10”. Most books are only of that size. Regarding the width or length as you may want to call it, count first the number of books in one layer or shelf (plural – shelves).

Each layer or shelf which carries your books should be at least 12” in height (clear height). If you plan to make a 3-layer or 3-shelves bookshelves, your total bookshelves height would be 3×12+the thickness of the shelves and the thickness also of the bottom panel and the top panel. You will get now the total height of your cabinet. That is exactly 36 + (3/4×3+3/4+3/4) = 39-3/4” You can make it 40” outside.

Regarding the length or width of your bookshelves, you can make it as long as 96” for more space or 48”, depending on the space on the wall where you want to install it. If you want to place your bookshelves atop your computer, for example, a 48” bookshelves is more appropriate. It would be very impractical to have very wide bookshelves because you need to stand up to reach the books at the ends of the bookshelves. Everything must be within reach.

2

Materials needed

The most common material needed to make bookshelves cabinet is the plywood. The shelves must be in ¾” thick minimum. The thickness should depend on the width of your bookshelves and also on the weight of your books. If you think your books are heavier than ordinary ones, you may use thicker plywood for the shelves. But normally, a bookshelves of 48” wide will require only a ¾” thick plywood shelves.

The backing of your bookshelves should not be thicker than ¼” plywood, not only on savings purposes but also for practicality. Or, you may not put a backing anymore if you going to install it against a plastered or finished concrete wall. Backings are required only if the bookshelves will be installed without a wall to receive it.

Do not forget to put a screw studs for installing the bookshelves in the wall. One screw stud placed immediately below the top panel of your bookshelves is sufficient. But if you want to make it stronger, you may put another one immediately above the bottom panel. These screw studs MUST be glued at the ends and the side which touches the top or bottom panels. Do not rely on nails alone.

Any furniture item depends their strength and durability, specially the miniature ones, on wood glue. Nails are not sufficient to offer durability. Nails are used only temporarily while the glue has not yet dried. But even if you put the nails permanently, there is no problem on that. 

Tips & Warnings

Tips

Stronger shelves construction

For stronger shelves construction, do not just put glue at the opposite ends and then fix them to the side panels using nails only. They may not able to last longer than you expected. For best result, cut a dado on the side panels to receive the shelves. For the bottom and top panels in relation to the side panels, a plain rabbet will suffice the construction of your bookshelves. For added durability, you may rather put a backing so that the shelves and the top and bottom panels are glued together. With that kind of construction, your bookshelves cabinet will last for a lifetime.

Paint or varnish finishes

If your budget is not limited, you can apply a very good finish on your bookshelves. You may choose to use a spray gun in applying automotive lacquer paint finish or lacquer varnish. If you are not so conscious of the finish of your bookshelves, you may just brush the paint or just an oil finish will do. It depends on your wishes.

 Installation of bookshelves

Never use nails in installing your bookshelves to a wall, whether concrete or wooden wall. Use a screw. For concrete wall, the best to use in installation is tox screw. You drill a hole on the wall and then plant the tox which is made of a plastic material. You screw your bookshelves to it. The best intervals are 16” center to center on both screw studs.

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Introduction

            A big issue that firms face these days is multipoint competition. Multipoint competition occurs when two or more enterprises encounter each other in different markets. In many instances, firms choose to cooperate with their rival firms simply because this is the smartest and safest approach. By cooperating, firms can hold each other in check and not allow one firm to gain a competitive advantage over other. If a firm chooses not to cooperate with their rival firm, several of their own markets may be affected in a negative way. The short term gains may be good, but in the end, the long term effects will be costly.

The Idea in a Nutshell

Multipoint competition, also known as multimarket competition, occurs when firms meet the same rivals in multiple markets. It is widely theorized that this will affect the intensity of competition, ultimately leading to cooperation or mutual forbearance between both competitors. The idea that firms will be less competitive if they meet in multiple markets is attributed to Simmel (1950) and Edwards (1955). Multipoint competition occurs widely throughout the business world. The most common markets multipoint competition occurs in are airlines, hospitals, banks, hotels, and computer software companies. In spite of the evidence that multimarket competition leads to mutual forbearance, it is still not totally conclusive. Research is continually being done each and every day to prove this relationship.

The Top Ten Things You Need to Know About Multipoint Competition

1.            The automotive industry is a good industry to measure the effects of multipoint competition.  The industry has consolidated to 12 major independent producers which operate across a number of different geographical markets. The auto industry consistently encounters competitors in the same market so this gives economist ample amounts of data to study.

2.            Many of the top economists consider multipoint competition to be a negative thing. However, studies are not conclusive that multipoint competition hurts the competitiveness of the market that both firms engage in.

3.            One of the negatives that may arise from multipoint competition is a theory known as mutual forbearance. Mutual forbearance is when firms support collusion across a range of markets because they recognize their interdependence.

4.            A leading economist on multipoint competition was a man by the name of Corwin D. Edwards. Edwards wrote many books and also is credited for helping write a principles textbook named Economic Behavior.

5.            A main reason why firms tend to be less aggressive in multipoint competition is because if a firm retaliates in one market, retaliation may occur in all the markets in which the firms simultaneously compete. Basically, it is just smarter to play it safe sometimes rather than to risk the well being of many markets at one time.

6.            One thing a firm must take into consideration when engaging in multipoint competition is whether or not to cooperate in all the markets in which it simultaneously participates with its competitor or to go against them. Firms must consider the short term gains as well as look at the long term gains. Many times cooperation is the safest action.

7.            Many people would think that the state of the economy would have a huge influence on whether or not firms decide to cooperate with one another in the same market. However, studies have shown that the state of the market has little influence on whether firms decide to cooperate or not. This is still being widely debated though.

8.            In certain cases, multimarket contact can increase the level of competition between firms.  A firm’s strength in one market may hurt the other firms business in another market.  This consequently leaves the other firm no choice but to compete or suffer huge losses.

9.            In order for firms to engage in multimarket interactions, they must be aware of multimarket interdependency and have the motivation to do so. This means that firms must be aware of each other’s companies activities and then managers can make a decision from there to cooperate or not.

10.            In certain organizations, cooperation is more likely to occur in multipoint competition. One such organization is hospitals. Most of the time hospitals cooperate with one another because this effectively is better for the hospitals as well as the people it serves each day.

The Video Lounge

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lgz8ZVp4lT4

This is a short video on why competition is important in all aspects of life including the business world.

My Take

            Multipoint competition is becoming a widely talked about topic today simply due to the fact that firms are continually competing with each other in various markets more than ever. All of the major industries engage in multipoint competition and they all handle it differently. I believe that the smartest way to handle multipoint competition is to simply cooperate with rival firms. The long term gains outweigh the short term gains. Not cooperating is simply just too risky. Many firms these days have wisely adopted this approach. Others argue that competition is necessary to the growth and development of certain markets. I feel that there is room for both approaches in the business world and it all really just depends on the situation.

References

(6/28/2010). Multimarket contact. 9/29/10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimarket_contact

Jaime Gomez. (04/06/2006). Multimarket competition, foothold strategies and performance. 10/01/10. http://www.ivie.es/downloads/ws/bf/2006/04/06/ponencia01.pdf

John Stephan. (July-Aug 2003). Bringing managers into theories of multimarket competition. 10/2/10. http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/4/403

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Contact Info: To contact the author of “Top Ten Management on Multipoint Competition: An Overview of Enterprises Competing in the Multiple Markets,” please email Seth Bourgeois at Seth.Bourgeois@selu.edu.

Biography

David C. Wyld (dwyld.kwu@gmail.com) is the Robert Maurin Professor of Management at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. He is a management consultant, researcher/writer, and executive educator. His blog, Wyld About Business, can be viewed at http://wyld-business.blogspot.com/. He also serves as the Director of the Reverse Auction Research Center (http://reverseauctionresearch.blogspot.com/), a hub of research and news in the expanding world of competitive bidding. Dr. Wyld also maintains compilations of works he has helped his students to turn into editorially-reviewed publications at the following sites:

Management Concepts (http://toptenmanagement.blogspot.com/)

Book Reviews (http://wyld-about-books.blogspot.com/) and

Travel and International Foods (http://wyld-about-food.blogspot.com/).                

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

More Automotive Reviews Articles

Periodicals have been part of our daily lives. Some popular periodicals have been in circulation for hundred years already. These periodicals provide us news, entertainment, advice, stories, tips, educational articles, latest in fashion, information and many others.

1. Reader’s Digest

Image Source

This is one of my personal favorite magazines, the Reader’s Digest. Since 1950′s it had a monthly circulation in the millions. Numerous foreign-language editions, as well as Braille edition, are published. Reader’s Digest is a monthly general-interest family magazine founded in 1922. Although its circulation has declined in recent years it is still the best-selling consumer magazine in the USA, with a circulation of 10 million copies in the United States, and a readership of 38 million. Global editions of Reader’s Digest reach an additional 40 million people in more than 70 countries, with 50 editions in 21 languages. It is also published in “Braille”, digital, audio, and a version in large type called Reader’s Digest Large Print. The magazine is owned and published by The Reader’s Digest Association, a privately-held company based in Chappaqua, New York.

2. TIME

Image Source

Time’s premier issue, March 3, 1923

Time is one of the world’s most favorite newsmagazine and one of the most popular magazines in the world. Time magazine was founded in 1923. One interesting trivia about Time is that the magazine has suggested that through an acronym the letters T-I-M-E stand for “The International Magazine of Events.” It is a weekly American newsmagazine. A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known as Time Atlantic) is published from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. Time publishes simultaneously in Canada, with separate advertising. The South Pacific edition, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney.

3. Newsweek

Image Source

Newsweek was founded in 1933, it is an American weekly newsmagazine published in New York City. It is distributed throughout the United States and internationally. It is the second largest news weekly magazine in the U.S., having trailed Time in circulation and advertising revenue for most of its existence, although both are much larger than the third of America’s prominent weeklies, US News & World Report. Newsweek is published in four English language editions and 12 global editions written in the language of the circulation region.

4. Vanity Fair

Image Source

Vanity Fair is an American magazine of culture, fashion, and politics published by Conde Nast Publications. Its first issue was published in 1913 but closed in 1936. It was however revived in 1983.

5. Ebony

Image Source

Ebony’s first issue was published in 1945. It is a monthly magazine for the African American market. Ebony cover photography has since its inception focused on African American celebrities and politicians–from Lena Horne and Dorothy Dandridge, to Michael Jackson and Barack Obama. Persistently upbeat like its generic contemporary Life, Ebony has striven always to address African-American issues, personalities, and interests in a positive and self-affirming manner. Corporations here and abroad have for decades created advertising specifically for the pages of Ebony featuring black models driving cars and enjoying soft drinks–the first magazine to feature such ads.

6. Cosmopolitan

Image Source

Cosmopolitan has been in circulation since it was first published in 1886. It is the best-selling young women’s magazine in the world. The content includes articles on relationships and sex, health, careers, self-improvement, celebrities, as well as fashion and beauty. Published by Hearst Magazines, Cosmopolitan has 58 international editions, is printed in 34 languages and is distributed in more than 100 countries

7. Ladies Home Journal

Image Source

This is the folded copy of The Ladies Home Journal and Practical Housekeeper (March 1886).

Ladies’ Home Journal is a magazine which first appeared February 16, 1883 and eventually became one of the leading magazines of the 20th Century, published by the Curtis Publishing Company.

8. Good Housekeeping

Image Source

Good Housekeeping magazine had been in continuous publication since it was first publish in 1885. This magazine was founded 1885 in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Good Housekeeping is a women’s magazine owned by the Hearst Corporation, featuring articles about women’s interests, product testing by The Good Housekeeping Institute, recipes, diet, health, as well as literary articles. It is well known for the “Good Housekeeping Seal,” popularly known as the “Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval.” The magazine achieved a circulation of 300,000 by 1911, at which time it was bought by the Hearst Corporation. In 1966 it reached 5,500,000 readers. The Hearst Corporation created a British edition along the same lines in 1922.

9. Vogue

Image Source

This magazine had been around for more than a hundred year. Vogue is a fashion and lifestyle magazine published in eighteen countries by Conde Nast Publications. Each month, Vogue publishes a magazine addressing topics of fashion, life and design. Vogue was founded as a bimonthly publication in 1892. In 1909, Conde Nast picked it up and slowly began growing the publication. The magazine’s number of subscriptions surged during the Depression and again during World War II.

10. National Geographic Magazine

Image Source

This magazine had been around for more than a hundred year. The National Geographic Magazine was first published in 1888. It is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. There are 12 monthly issues of the National Geographic per year, plus additional map supplements. On rare occasions, special editions are also issued. It contains articles about geography, popular science, history, culture, current events, and photography.

11. Sports Illustrated

Image Source

Sports Illustrated is an American sports magazine owned by media conglomerate Time Warner. It has over 3 million subscribers and is read by 23 million adults each week, including over 18 million men, 19% of the adult males in the United States. It was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for General Excellence twice. Its swimsuit issue, which has been published since 1964, is now an annual publishing event that generates its own television shows, videos and calendars.

12. Popular Mechanics

Image Source

Popular Mechanics is an American magazine devoted to science and technology. It was first published in1902 and has been owned since the 1950s by the Hearst Corporation. There is also a Latin American edition that has been published for decades and a newly formed South African version available. Popular Mechanics features regular sections on automotive, home, outdoors, science, and technology topics.

13. The American Journal of Science

Image Source

The American Journal of Science (AJS) was founded in 1818. It is America’s longest-running scientific journal, having been published continuously since its conception in 1818. Until 1880, it was also known as the American Journal of Science and Arts, but its focus was always on natural sciences and especially on geology and related subjects. AJS is a high-impact journal, boasting an impact factor of 3.607 – making it the highest ranked peer-reviewed earth science journal, excluding review-oriented journals. Frequency of publication is once a month (without summer months July & August).

Hope you enjoyed this. Thank you!

For more articles in History see
Top Ten Most Famous and Historically Significant Tombs in the World
Modern-day Heroes
11 Historic Events That Created the World’s Largest and Most Spectacular Mushroom Clouds
15 Notable Crucifixions in History
Archeological Finds with Great Significance to Mankind
Historic Trees From Around the World
The Month of June: History, Holidays and Personalities
The Month of May: History, Holidays and Personalities
Who is the Most Unforgettable and Unforgivable Leader in History
Peculiar Marriage Rites From Around the World in the Past
Unique Traditional Greetings in the World
The Suez and Panama Canals: Two Shipping Canals of Great Importance
10 Dynasties That Reigned the Longest in History
Unusual Amendments to the US Constitution
The Most Horrifying Mass Killings of Civilians (by Bombing) in History
The Most Horrifying Political Mass Murders in History
Why is Greenland Just an Island Not a Continent?
Philippine Events with Great Impact and Significance in World History

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The history of Manufacturing can be summarized in three evolutions: First, Handcraft, where products are made to customer requirements. It is a single piece manufacturing which means each product is unique and each quality varies from one product to the other. The inventory is very low and the product itself is expensive in which only the rich can afford. The second step toward manufacturing is called “Mass Production” wherein assembly lines are set-up, and the labors are divided among workers as done by Henry Ford in 1914. Standards are set to meet local and international customers. Thus each product has the same quality with each other. And the last evolution of manufacturing is called the “Lean Manufacturing”.

The Lean Manufacturing Idea has been develop in Japan, and the name is given in the US. Lean is the manufacturing system of the Japanese automotive industry. It needs less production factors than the traditional mass manufacturing. With other words, less than half of the development time and less than the half of inventories capacities are sufficient for the production. At the same time more product variety with higher quality levels can be offered.

The success of the Lean Manufacturing idea is founded on the involvement of the employees with teamwork. Employees of all areas of the company can be integrated in teams, e.g. design, research, engineering, accounting, sales etc. Depending on the project, the scope can be planning process, accounting, manufacturing or sales process. Every employee takes over responsibility for his task. Employee motivation and identification increases while the defect rate is decreasing.

The philosophy of lean manufacturing of a production system is based on 5 Principles: Define values in the eyes of the customer. Identify the value stream and eliminate waste. Make flow at the pull of the customer. Involve and empower the employees. Continuous improvement in pursuit of perfection.

In the evolution of the Lean Manufacturing, there are several terms used:

Batch production. After every process step, the product will be stored and not transferred to the next step until certain quantities have been manufactured.
Single piece flow (one piece flow). A product will be consistency transferred piece by piece, from one step to the next.
Just in time. Simple means at the right time, the right quantity, the right product, material or information at the right location.
KanBan (Card signal). It is a method to control the material flow in the manufacturing area. The needed stocks are close to the manufacturing. And the number of stocks will continuously adjust regarding the changing needs. Not too much or not too less.
Takt Time. The calculated time frame which is needed to process a product or information in order to fulfill the customer requirements. Takt time is calculated as the available hours over the customer demand.
Cycle time. The time which is needed to perform a work step or process.
Push-pull methodology. A push is where manufacturing is pushing the finished product to the customer while Pull is where the customer is pulling the product from the manufacturer. In Lean manufacturing, the pull system is used.
Visual controls. A technique for a simple control of the production processes and tools to identify fast process deviation  such as andon signals, Kanban signals, floor markings, information and metric boards, and work instructions.
5S. A systematic method in five steps to organize the work place.(Seiri = Sorting, put not needed material away. Seiton= Storage, a defined place for everything.  Seiso = Shinning, dispose dirt, waste, oil and others. Seketsu = Stadardizing, all rooms and places are equal. Shitsuke = Sustaining, regular reviews, control plans and others.
Standard Work. A standardized work process which includes the following elements; work steps, safety, visual display, timing and takt time. It is a tool for manufacturing of quality products, a basis for continues process improvements a documentation of a standard for a work process.
Kaizen (Kai=change; Zen=good). A method for process optimization. A series of one after the other following activities for improvements in a pre-defined area. This kind of activities can be performed in a time limited work shop (e.g. 5 days) over a longer time in several steps.
Poka Yoke. A method to design processes in that way that the occurrence of defects are not possible anymore. This applies to production as well as administration. The equipment can be designed in a way that no defect parts will be accepted in the process. Another good example is that form sheets for creditors and debtors have different colors.
Monument. Under monument, we understand large and not moveable equipments or work processes. The organization and or technical effort for a simplification or change would not be acceptable.
Spaghetti Chart. Displays the material and information flow between building and areas on the site.

Overall, production and manufacturing processes in accordance to lean principles are an industrial revolution, which are not limited to the automotive production or to Japan. The consequences should be similar like the change in spring 1914. At that time in Detroit, Henry Ford replaced the hand craft production by an assembly line. Within some month the time effort for the assembly of major parts of a car were reduced from 750 to 90 minutes.

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Factors that have contributed to Hyundai Motor’s success:

• Brand Equity:
The initial failure of the Excel propelled Hyundai Motor to improve their product quality and regain consumer confidence by “adding an unprecedented 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain warranty—assurance to buyers that the car wouldn’t fall apart on the turnpike while speeding along in the passing lane” (Gidman 2007).

Due to its efforts, Hyundai Motor was able to reposition itself as a producer of affordable cars (with quality), and consumers overall confidence in the Hyundai brand improved. As a result, Hyundai Motor has since been recognized as a producer of quality cars which are reliable and affordable; being ranked 72nd in the 2007 Best Global Brand survey. Bunkley (2008) quoted senior director of automotive testing at Consumer Reports, David Champion, that Hyundai has made “phenomenal progress” in the quality and reliability of its vehicles.

Being focused on the consumer, and improving in areas such as quality, durability, value and warranty programs have contributed to the success of Hyundai Motor’s brand equity. The company’s focus on affordability and practicality, unlike its competitors (e.g. BMW choosing to focus on technology), set it apart from its competitors and contributed to its success. (Vasilash 2006)

• Product Differentiation:
By improving (augmenting) its cars’ exterior design and engineering, while still maintaining its affordability, made it appealing to consumers and improved its brand image (from being the “Worst Car Ever Made”); giving it a competitive edge. For example, “Hyundai’s sleekly redesigned flagship” – the Sonata – was equipped with “six airbags, electronic stability control and a long list of standard equipment, all for less than ,00″ (Muller & Meredith 2005). Hence, according to Muller & Meredith (2005), “Hyundai is now dictating trends that others must follow”: the company’s “success with cheap cars inspired General Motors to buy its own Korean company, Daewoo, to try to match Hyundai’s offerings”, and “Hyundai’s breakthrough ten-year, 100,000-mile warranty spawned extended warranty offers by Chrysler and Mitsubishi”.

Also, upgrading showrooms and operational standards (McVeigh & Feast 2006) helped to change (improve) consumers’ perception of the brand  from being the “Worst Car Ever Made” to a 72nd ranking in the 2007 Best Global Brand survey (Gidman 2007).

• Marketing Strategy:
Another factor that contributed to Hyundai Motor’s success was the company’s marketing strategy: after the Excel debacle, Hyundai Motor kept a low profile for a period and concentrated on building good quality cars before re-launching with assertive advertising. The assertive advertising helped Hyundai Motor to develop the brand element by capturing the brand’s intangible characteristics – durability and quality. For example, a “commercial for the Elantra showed a father negotiating a series of hair raising and frighteningly genuine stuns to the glee of his family in the back seat”: “up a ramp, through a ring of fire, over a trio of buses and into a handbrake turn. The commercial turned the traditionally mundane sedan into a hero.” (Finance Week 2005)

With such assertive advertising and slogans such as the Tucson’s “Pretty but tough”, Hyundai Motor’s brand image and consumer brand awareness improved, and sales soared; contributing to brand building (consumers’ perception of the brand). (Finance Week 2005)

• Change of Company Policy:
Hyundai Motor’s former policy of volume taking precedence over quality was soon replaced with building quality cars: the production of a car’s design would be stopped midway through its life cycle, or a car’s launch may even be delayed just so to resolve niggling issues (Muller & Meredith 2005). Top management was replaced with engineers (to get a more accurate perspective), and employees were encouraged to share their ideas for (generate) improvement with promised bonuses; boosting creativity (Muller & Meredith 2005). By doing so the company was even able to save cost. For example, as mentioned by Muller & Meredith (2005), after noticing that “the Sonata and the XG 350 sedans had differently shaped covers over their spare tires”, one employee managed to save the company 0,000 a year; by sharing the cover. Such measures helped the company to maintain their affordability, while not compromising on the durability and quality of their products.

Reference:
Bunkley, N 2008, ‘Hyundai joins list of 10 top car picks’, New York Times; 29 Feb, p.2

‘dog to darling’, Finance Week 2005, Ad Review, 20 Apr, p.21

Miller, S 2008, ‘Q+A: Hyundai thinks its luxe genesis will be a revelation’, Brandweek, vol. 49, issue 5, Feb, p.12

Muller, J, & Meredith, R 2005, ‘Last laugh’, Forbes Global, vol. 8, issue 7, Feb

Gidman J, Hyundai – Hazard Lights, Brandchannel.com, October 22, 2007 issue

Vasilash, G S 2006, ‘Customers & competitors’, Automotive Design & Production, vol. 118, issue 8, Aug, p.64-66

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The new 3D technology is coming at us fast and furious. So it is not surprising it is bringing a lot of confusion and uncertainness, especially when it comes it older hardware and it’s capacity to handle 3D pictures. Many believe if you want to enjoy 3D at Full 1080p video resolution, the new HDMI 1.4 cable is needed. And that the HDMI 1.3 cable will only produce a video resolution of 1080i for 3D.

If this was the case, older Blu-ray Players like PS3, which will become 3D capable in September 2010 and has a HDMI 1.3 output, will not be sufficient to produce images of 1080p when playing a 3D Blu-ray Disc. As of now, Sony’s PlayStation 3 is the only older Blu-ray Disc Player that will support 3D Blu-rays. All other 3D Blu-ray Disc Players are 2010 models and come equipped with the required hardware and codec already installed.

The truth is, that HDMI 1.3 cables can support 3D output. As long as the HDMI cable you are using is rated “High Speed” or better it will support Blu-ray 3D output at Full HD 1080p resolution. Two main components for a source device to handle 3D output are codes and meta data. Sony will have to includes these enhances via their 3D Firmware upgrade. Judging by pass upgrades, such as providing support for internal decoding of DTS-HD Master Audio, Sony should have no problems accomplishing this task.

The codec used to store 3D is Multiview Video Coding or MVC. It produces a Full 1080p frame for each eye and using only 50 percent more storage space than a 2D disc. The PS3 was created before the MVC codec, so Sony has to implement MVC support without changing any hardware. Also required from the PlayStation 3 is the ability to produce and receive, from the 3D display, the correct meta data in the communication which happens between any HDMI-equipped devices.

This communication is done via Extended Display Identification Data or EDID. It transfers information sent from a video display to a source over E-DDC lines to describe its capabilities. A 3DTV will used the EDID to see if they are 3D capable, and if the PlayStation 3 will work with the TV. Basically the PS3 must be capable to understand and react to this new EDID value sent by the 3DTV.

Once Sony has made the firmware available for you to upgrade your PS3 with the new 3D technology, you should have no problems with using a HDMI 1.3 cable. According to most experts, a HDMI cable should not be a great concern for consumers in regards to 3D. Mainly due to the fact HDMI cables and hardware are not being marketed with version numbers (1.3,1.4) anymore. When purchasing a HDMI cable you should come across one of the following: HDMI Standard, HDMI High Speed, HDMI Standard with Ethernet, HDMI High Speed with Ethernet, and HDMI Standard Automotive.

Instead of deciding what HDMI version number you need, your focus should be on what feature you require support for. Whether it be for Deep Color, Audio Return Channel or 3D. A High Speed HDMI cable will be able to transfer the signal from your PS3 to a 3DTV. Finding a High Speed HDMi cable should not be a issue since the vast majority of HDMI cables manufactured and sold during the past there years have been High Speed HDMI cables.

*** One thing to be aware of is that you will not be able to transfer a Blu-ray 3D signal through to a non 3D Audio/Video receiver. Because these older HDMI 1.3 Audio/Video receiver do not have the HDMI EDID language for 3D display capabilities, they are unable to transfer information from display to the source device (3D Blu-ray Player). A good work around to this problem would be to buy Blu-ray Players with dual HDMI outputs, such as Panasonic’s DMP-BDT350 or Samsung’s BD-C7900. ***

…
I would like to offer this FREE BLU-RAY PLAYERS BUYING GUIDE when you visit  http://www.Bluray-DVD-Players.com  Or come take a look at our Videos and Blu-ray Player Reviews here: Blu-ray Player Reviews Copyright 2010. This article may be freely distributed if this resource box stays attached.

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